Glossary / Defense / EAR

EAR

Also known as: Export Administration Regulations · EAR compliance

Defense

The U.S. export-control rules for "dual-use" and less-sensitive military items — the commercial-side counterpart to ITAR.

The Export Administration Regulations (EAR), found at 15 CFR Parts 730-774, are administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) within the U.S. Department of Commerce. They control the export, reexport, and transfer of "dual-use" items — goods, software, and technology with both commercial and military or proliferation applications — as well as certain less-sensitive military items (the "600 series") and spacecraft items moved off the ITAR munitions list under Export Control Reform. Controlled items are listed on the Commerce Control List (CCL) and identified by an Export Control Classification Number (ECCN), which, together with the destination, end-user, and end-use, determines whether a license is required. The EAR is the commercial-technology counterpart to ITAR, which instead governs defense articles on the U.S. Munitions List.

Source: Export Administration Regulations — 15 CFR Ch. VII, Subch. C (eCFR)

Where you'll see it

Vendor contractApplicationPolicy

Why it matters for your business

  • Most defense-adjacent and dual-use startups fall under the EAR (not ITAR), so classifying products by ECCN is a core compliance task.
  • EAR violations carry significant civil and criminal penalties and can trigger regulatory-defense costs under D&O and E&O policies.
  • Trade-control and sanctions exclusions in many policies turn on the insured's export-control posture, including EAR classification.

People also ask

What is the difference between EAR and ITAR?

ITAR (administered by the State Department) controls defense articles on the U.S. Munitions List. The EAR (administered by the Commerce Department's BIS) controls dual-use and less-sensitive military items on the Commerce Control List. A given product falls under one regime or the other.

What is an ECCN?

An Export Control Classification Number identifies where an item sits on the Commerce Control List. It, combined with the destination, end-user, and end-use, determines whether an export license is required under the EAR.

Ready to take the next step?

Definitions are educational and may be modified by your specific policy language, endorsements, and state rules. For regulatory guidance, refer to the California Department of Insurance or the NAIC.

Reviewed by Andrei Craciunescu, CA Licensed Insurance Broker #4467994

Last updated: July 2026.